The fresh new OLS prices toward subsample have line to the complete take to rates exhibited from inside the Table 2

Maybe, a greater age otherwise knowledge huge difference might damage this new wife’s standing about relationship family

We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing D_ij (B_ij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results https://internationalwomen.net/da/medellin-kvinder/ of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.

Table cuatro Association between dowry/bride-to-be rate (paid off from the inside the-laws regarding sisters, other people from the community and you may community) and you may wife’s position regarding the marital domestic (OLS)

cuatro.step 3 Talk and you may robustness checks

Into the choosing the women’s updates regarding marital domestic, the effect of net dowry (dowry minus fiance rate) can get amount. Brand new estimate procedure is constant of the replacement dowry and you may bride-to-be price which have internet dowry (Appendix Table 9, Panel An effective). Observe that the degree of deferred mehr is included alone of the net dowry once the previous is never paid back unless divorce case happen and cannot meet the requirements property brought towards the matrimony. The results suggest that the fresh property put towards ount) increase their particular decision-and make energy and freedom. Such positive connections commonly stunning while the the latest connections out of fiance speed repaid during the time of wedding run counter so you can those of dowry however estimations.

And years variation in addition to education differences (substitution the fresh husband’s decades and you may degree) does not impact the chief outcomes, plus the coefficients of them details aren’t extreme (Appendix Desk 9, Committee B).

That you will argue that the amount of years due to the fact wedding is actually important because the result off dowry (or bride rate) will be higher after relationships. In addition to ages since the ount out-of dowry (replacing female’s many years within matrimony) magnifies the beds base effect of dowry during the ladies’ flexibility but minimizes their magnitude while the importance level inside the ladies decision making (Appendix Desk nine, Panel C). This simply means that a larger dowry increases the wife’s autonomy for the the newest marital household immediately after relationship; not, this new connection isn’t rather influenced by new passage of ages while the relationships.

No way of measuring gender ideology is roofed in the primary estimate due to endogeneity issues. One might believe inclusion of these methods could possibly get undermine the brand new relationship ranging from dowry and you can ladies’ standing on relationship house. Although we dont reject the chance that tastes and you can ideological philosophy about the gender connections are not built-in and change over the marital lifetime, this new estimation procedure try repeated by including one or two methods getting young man preference: the first changeable means one to if the wife’s ideal amount of sons was more than that daughters together with next translates to one in the event the spouse really wants to bring degree so you can sons unlike to help you daughters. Controlling to own gender ideology doesn’t dramatically affect the head estimate efficiency (Appendix Dining table nine, Committee D). Amazingly, women’s decision-making try certainly with the child liking. However, it is adversely from the preference to have taking degree to sons as compared with daughters. A prospective interpretation would be the fact extremely educated women tends to be against gender inequality from inside the training and stay so much more empowered throughout the marital house but like that have a whole lot more sons than daughters. This looks consistent with some current studies exhibiting that young buck preference is more prevalent certainly very knowledgeable feminine in lieu of ignorant female in South China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).