Brand new realization analytics of the partner’s and wife’s socioeconomic features, matrimony costs, and you can wife’s empowerment is actually exhibited within the Desk step one

step three.dos Wedding practices

Column (1) accounts the statistics towards full take to, and you can line (2) reports all of them for the subsample, i.elizabeth., wives who possess one or more sister and something sister. The brand new sumple try reported given that more reduced-form estimate having a set of relationship expenditures paid down towards wife’s siblings and you may brothers from the the respective within the-rules can just only feel used with the subsample. The common age husbands are 40.6 age. Husbands, normally, completed number 1 knowledge (five years), and you can 56% of these are literate. The average chronilogical age of spouses is actually 35.8 ages. Spouses, on average, don’t done primee property be the cause of twenty-seven% regarding total households surveyed. The typical sized agricultural land for every single household was step three.24 acres, which have almost forty% out of houses becoming landless. Footnote eleven Getting 39% of your spouses, the beginning town matches that of their husbands, 66% of those are hitched in order to an aunt, and you may 17% was partnered when you look at the watta satta (bride-to-be change, or literally, “give–take”). Footnote a dozen Many of these are unique options that come with matrimony in Punjab, Pakistan. In contrast, the northwestern section of India, in addition to Indian Punjab, has been usually noted for hypergamy, whereby wives is y contrasts with endogamy and you can cousin y as the two families arranging watta satta usually do not commercially observe hypergamy at same go out, as they are probably to-be about exact same social classification and you can economic condition. Wife’s natal family members’ domestic money at the time of matrimony is PKR 171,695 Footnote thirteen typically. It absolutely was answered retrospectively by spouse which will be, for this reason, most likely subject to remember problems similar to the ones that are throughout the amount of private dowry or any other relationship expenditures, no matter if money are more comfortable for respondents so you’re able to keep in mind compared to an individual dowry consisting of various facts. We adopted equivalent operate to minimize questionnaire bear in mind mistakes.

Table step 1 Realization statistics

The first an element of the questionnaire requires husbands regarding their ount. Given that dowry is famous in order to consist of some products that permit a young couple to begin with the marriage immediately following matrimony, i inquired about the worth of for each and every goods into the dowry. The real question for you is “Essentially, in your community, to have a family instance your very own, what is the calculate property value for every single item provided as dowry in the course of this new daughter’s marriage?” I explicitly inquired about dowry due to the fact found in their neighborhood, otherwise jati (= sub-caste), since the the audience is selecting the technique of dowry in itself since the better as the personal quantity of dowry the mothers repaid. Its treatment for the question regarding the dowry in the neighborhood are gonna express appropriate factual statements about dowry techniques. Its answer might report how much they will pay for each items if they’re currently undergoing getting good dowry on their daughter. Either way, the solution tends to promote much more real methods towards itemized worth of dowry. Allegedly, remembering every single items of their individual dowries regarding a decade in the past could be difficult. The following a portion of the questionnaire asks spouses regarding their private dowries and other matrimony costs, we.age., “Just how much dowry (bride rate) performed your parents (in-laws) bring during the time of your own ounts can be used regarding the chief empirical studies. This new relationship coefficient between the individual dowry amount and people-created dowry count was 0.65 (Fig. 3). The community-established dowry number exceeds the personal dowry number reduced of the wives’ parents, which is not surprising because of the alleged increasing pattern regarding the real number of dowry.